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趾甲內生(嵌甲)的預防與治理
Posted by Dr. Chun Yin Victor Lau on May 23, 2015

<原文載於:http://dr-victorlau.blogspot.hk/2015/05/ingrowntoenail.html> 趾甲內生症是一個非常常見的趾甲毛病。趾甲內生又稱為嵌甲,是指指趾甲旁軟組織擠到趾甲上,趾甲生長是嵌入軟網織會引起痛楚,繼而刺穿軟組織而引起細菌感染發炎。 <成因> 趾甲內生的成因有很多,但最常見的成因包括: - 不正確修剪趾甲 - 鞋頭過窄令腳趾長期受擠壓 但有時意外受傷、真菌感染和趾甲形態異常都會導至趾甲內生症。 <趾甲內生的預防> 針對以上成因,預防趾甲內生最重要就是盡量穿著鞋頭較鬆、不會擠壓腳趾的鞋子和正確修剪趾甲。 正確的趾甲修剪應該是平剪並適當保留趾甲兩側趾角。圖中左面三種都是錯誤方法( http://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0215/p303.html) 如果有真菌感染(灰甲)等情況,就要看醫生了對症下藥了。 <趾甲內生的處理> 趾甲內生的處理要視乎嚴重的情度。如果沒有明顯細菌感染特徵,輕輕反起甲旁軟組織仍可看見內生的趾甲末端,顯示趾甲尚未完全嵌入軟組織。此時,可試一試非入侵方法。 首先,以和暖的肥皂水浸腳以將趾甲軟化,然後將綿絮或牙線擠進趾甲下的空隙。要每天從覆直到痛楚消失和趾甲已生長至不會再刺進軟組織的長度。然後按正確的方法修剪。一般可能需要差不多半年的時間,有恆心地進行。(http://stefanwirawan1.hubpages.com/hub/Ingrowing-toenail ) 但是如果這方法不成功或者出現細菌感染病徵就要用其他方法處理了。一般來說醫生先會以抗生素幫您控制炎症,待炎症退後才安排手術。最常用的手術方法是部份趾甲切除術,視乎情況,醫生會同時將部份甲床切除以減少復發機會。手術通常可以以局部麻醉進行。外科醫生和部份家庭醫生可以在診所或診所附切的小型手術室為病人進行此類門診小手術,但若病人要考慮不同的麻醉方式或者趾甲有鉗趾變形(pincer nail)的情況,則有可能需要轉介骨科醫生在醫院裡進行了。 <總結> 大部份的趾甲內生是可以預防的,如果大家不想受皮肉之苦,就要多加留意正確修剪趾甲和穿著適合的鞋子了。
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